The Room Above The Garage
This is the more common call, and the more satisfying fix.
A floor with unheated air beneath it behaves nothing like a floor with a heated room beneath it. Batt in that cavity sags away from the subfloor over time, and the gap it leaves is connected straight to outside at the perimeter of the floor.
Foam applied up tight against the underside of the subfloor stays in contact, fills the joist bays to the depth specified, and seals the perimeter in the same pass. The room above changes noticeably.
The provincial rebate schedule treats this as exposed floor insulation and pays between roughly $1.00 and $3.00 a square foot depending on the R-value added, which is at the upper end of the schedule.
Making The Garage Itself Usable
A workshop, a gym or somewhere to work on something in February needs the walls, the ceiling and the door dealt with together.
Walls and ceiling take foam. Closed cell under the roof deck of a detached garage, and on the walls where depth allows.
The overhead door is the part people forget. It is a large, thin, poorly sealed panel, and insulating everything around it while leaving it alone caps how warm the space can get. Weatherstripping and an insulated door are not our trade, but we will tell you where the limit sits before you spend.
The Wall Between The Garage And The House
Attached garages share a wall, and sometimes a ceiling, with living space.
That boundary is doing two jobs. It is an insulation boundary, and it is a barrier against exhaust fumes and stored chemicals getting into the house.
Foam handles both, because sealing the air path is what stops the fumes as well as the cold. It is worth doing properly even when the rest of the garage is left alone.
Covering, And Detached Buildings
Foam cannot be left exposed where a space is occupied, and a garage in regular use counts. Half inch gypsum board is the standard covering.
Detached garages, sheds and workshops follow the same rules as any other building. If it is heated and somebody stands in it, the covering requirement applies.